Ukusukela ngoMatshi ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, uninzi lwethu beluhlala lodwa ngandlel’ ithile, luvalelwe, kwaye ngokungafaniyo nanini na ngaphambili.I-COVID-19, ubhubhani we-coronavirus, ngubhubhani wehlabathi jikelele ochaphazela amazwe anje nge-Itali, i-United Kingdom, i-United States, iSpain ne-China, phakathi kwamanye.
Iinzame zamanye amazwe zokucothisa ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane, njengeNew Zealand, zomelele ekuqaleni kwesibetho kunamanye amazwe, anjenge-UK kunye ne-US.Okwangoku, ngaphandle kokuhla kokuqala kumatyala kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, iimeko ziqala ukunyuka ngesantya esikhawulezayo.Oku kunyanzela isandla sikarhulumente ukuba sinyanzelise izithintelo ezintsha, ezinje ngeebhari kunye neeresityu ukuvalwa, ukusebenza ekhaya, kunye nokunciphisa intsebenziswano nabanye abantu.
Ingxaki apha, nangona kunjalo, kukwazi ukuba ngubani onayo kwaye ngubani ongenayo intsholongwane.Ngaphandle kwemizamo yokuqala yokuqulatha ukusasazeka, amanani ayaphinda enyuka-ingakumbi njengoko abanye abathwali bengenazimpawu (banokuyisasaza intsholongwane kodwa bangabi nazimpawu).
Ukuba ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane kunye nokwaziswa kwezithintelo ezitsha kusaza kuqhubeka, ke sisebusika oburhabaxa, ingakumbi umkhuhlane ojikelezayo.Ngoko ke, yintoni amazwe ayenzayo kwiinzame zokuphelisa ukusasazeka?
Eli nqaku liza kuxoxa ngovavanyo lwe-antigen olukhawulezayo lwe-COVID-19;ukuba zithini na, zisetyenziswa njani, kunye nempendulo evela kumazwe ahlukeneyo aseYurophu.
Uvavanyo lwe-antigen olukhawulezayo lwe-COVID-19
Amazwe anje nge-United States kunye neCanada athenga izigidi zeekiti zovavanyo lwe-antigen ngokukhawuleza, kumzamo wokuvavanya abantu abaninzi, ukufumanisa ukuba ngubani onayo kwaye ngubani ongenayo intsholongwane ngesantya esikhawulezayo sokuqulatha ukusasazeka.
Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-antigen luhlalutya iiproteni ezithile ezinxulumene ne-SARS-COV-2.Uvavanyo luthathwa nge-nasopharyngeal (NP) okanye i-nasal (NS) swab, kunye neziphumo ezikhoyo kwimizuzu, ngokuchasene neeyure okanye iintsuku xa usebenzisa ezinye iindlela.
Olu vavanyo lwe-antigen olukhawulezayo lwe-COVID-19 alukhathali kangako kunovavanyo lwegolide olusemgangathweni lwe-RT-PCR, kodwa lubonelela ngokujika ngokukhawuleza kwexesha lokuchonga usulelo lwe-SARS-COV-2 ngexesha losulelo oluqatha.Eyona mpazamo ixhaphakileyo ngovavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-antigen yenzeka ngexesha lokuqokelelwa kwesampulu yokuphefumla ephezulu.Ngesi sizathu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ube neengcali zezempilo ukuba zilawule uvavanyo.
Iindlela zovavanyo, ezinje ngovavanyo lwe-antigen olukhawulezayo lwe-COVID-19 ziphunyezwa ngokubanzi ngamabala ohlukeneyo, hayi i-United States neCanada kuphela.Ngokomzekelo, eSwitzerland, apho iimeko zinyuka ngokukhawuleza, bacinga ukuphumeza uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-antigen kumzamo wabo welizwe lonke wokubetha intsholongwane.Ngokufanayo, iJamani ikhusele iimvavanyo ezizizigidi ezilithoba, ibavumela ukuba bavavanye ngokufanelekileyo i-10% yabemi bayo bonke.Ukuba siphumelele, sinokubona uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo oluyalelwe kumzamo ogcweleyo wokuyoyisa intsholongwane ukulunga.
Zisetyenziswa phi iimvavanyo ze-antigen ezikhawulezayo?
Njengoko bekuxoxiwe ngaphambili, olona ncedo luphambili lovavanyo lwe-antigen olukhawulezayo ngaphezu kwezinye iindlela zovavanyo kukujika ngokukhawuleza kwexesha leziphumo.Endaweni yokulinda iiyure okanye iintsuku ezininzi, iziphumo zifumaneka ngemizuzu.Oku kwenza indlela yovavanyo ilungele iindawo ezininzi kunye neemeko, umzekelo, ukuvumela abantu ukuba babuyele emsebenzini, bavavanye iindawo ezihlala abantu abanezinga eliphezulu losulelo, kwaye ithiyori, kuvavanywa inani elikhulu labemi belizwe liphela.
Kwakhona, uvavanyo lwe-antigen yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokuhlola phambi kwenqwelomoya, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kumazwe ahlukeneyo.Endaweni yokubeka abantu bodwa xa befika kwilizwe elitsha, banokuvavanywa kwangoko, babavumele ukuba baphinde baqhubeke nobomi babo bemihla ngemihla, ngaphandle kokuba, ewe, bavavanyiwe.
Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zamazwe aseYurophu
I-United Kingdom, njengamanye amazwe aseYurophu, nayo iyaqala ukulandela.Ngokwenqaku elivela kwi-Guardian, isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseHeathrow ngoku sibonelela ngovavanyo lwe-antigen kubakhweli abaya eHong Kong.Olu vavanyo luya kuxabisa i-£80 kunye neziphumo ezifumanekayo kwiyure nje enye.Nangona kunjalo, olu vavanyo kufuneka lu-odolwe kwangaphambili ngaphambi kokufika kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya, kwaye abakhweli abavavanya ukuba banayo abanakukwazi ukubhabha.
Ukuba le ndlela yovavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-antigen iyasebenza eHeathrow kwiinqwelomoya eziya eHong Kong, sinokulindela ukuba oku kuphunyezwe kwiinqwelomoya eziya kwamanye amazwe, mhlawumbi lawo anamazinga aphezulu osulelo anjenge-Itali, Spain, kunye ne-United States.Oku kuya kunciphisa ixesha lokuvalelwa xa uhamba phakathi kwamazwe, ukwahlula abo bavavanya ukuba banayo kwaye abanayo, equlathe intsholongwane ngempumelelo.
EJamani, uGerard Krause, umlawuli wesebe le-epidemiology e-Helmholtz kuphando loSulelo ucebisa ukuba izigulana ezibekwe phambili zijongwe ngovavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-antigen, kunye novavanyo lwe-PCR olushiyelwe abo babonisa iimpawu.Le ndlela yovavanyo igcina uvavanyo oluchanekileyo ngakumbi kwabo balufuna kakhulu, ngeli lixa lusavavanya umthamo omkhulu wabantu ngokubanzi.
E-United States, e-UK, nakwamanye amazwe, xa ubhubhane waqala ukubetha abahambi abaninzi ngokukhawuleza bakhungatheka kwinkqubo yokucotha yovavanyo lwe-PCR.Abantu kuye kwafuneka bavalelwe bodwa ngaphambi nasemva kohambo, kwaye iziphumo bezingekho kwezinye iimeko ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezimbalwa.Nangona kunjalo, ngokungeniswa kovavanyo lwe-antigen, iziphumo ngoku ziyafumaneka kwimizuzu eyi-15 - ukulandelela ngokukhawuleza inkqubo kunye nokuvumela abantu ukuba baphinde baqale ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla ngokuphazamiseka okuncinci.
Ukushwankathela
Uvavanyo lwe-antigen olukhawulezayo lwe-COVID-19 luya luthandwa ngakumbi kumazwe aseYurophu.Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindlela zovavanyo, ezinje nge-PCR, uvavanyo lwe-antigen luyakhawuleza, luvelisa iziphumo kwimizuzu eli-15, ngamanye amaxesha ngokukhawuleza.
Amazwe anje ngeJamani, iSwitzerland, i-Itali kunye ne-United States sele ayalele izigidi zovavanyo lwe-antigen.Le ndlela intsha yokuvavanya isetyenziswa kwiinzame zokucothisa ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane, kuvavanywa intaphane yabantu ukuze kubonwe ukuba ngubani na onayo ngoku kwaye ngubani ongenayo.Ngokunokwenzeka siza kubona amazwe amaninzi elandela umzekelo.
Amazwe amaninzi aza kuphumeza iimvavanyo ze-COVID-19 ezikhawulezayo ze-antigen kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezizayo, mhlawumbi indlela esebenzayo yokuphila nentsholongwane de kufunyenwe isitofu sokugonya kwaye senziwa ngobuninzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-27-2021