Moya Iphaneli yovavanyo ye-AMP/BAR/BZO/COC/MOP/THC

Iphaneli yovavanyo ye-AMP/BAR/BZO/COC/MOP/THC

Inkcazelo emfutshane:

UKUSETYENZISWA OKUHLOSIWEYO

Inyathelo elinye i-AMP/BAR/BZO/COC/MOP/THC Test Panel yi-lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay yokubhaqa i-Amphetamine, iBarbiturates, iCocaine, iMethamphetamine, iOpiate kunye neMarijuana kumchamo womntu.


  • Ikati:I-DOA-161
  • Imizekelo:Umchamo
  • Inguqulelo: 02
  • Umhla osebenzeyo:2015-02
  • Iinkcukacha zeMveliso

    Iithegi zeMveliso

    Usetyenziso olucetywayo

    Inyathelo elinye i-AMP/BAR/BZO/COC/MOP/THC Test Panel yi-lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay yokubhaqa i-Amphetamine, iBarbiturates, iCocaine, iMethamphetamine, iOpiate kunye neMarijuana kumchamo womntu.

    Uvavanyo

    Isilinganisi

    Yisuse ecaleni

    I-AMP

    IAmphetamine

    1000ng/ml

    IBHA

    IiBarbiturates

    300ng/ml

    BZO

    Benzodiazepines

    300ng/ml

    COC

    Cocaine

    300ng/ml

    I-MOP

    Morphine (Opiate)

    300ng/ml

    I-THC

    Intsangu

    50ng/ml

    Olu vavanyo lubonelela kuphela iziphumo zovavanyo lokuqala.Kufuneka kusetyenziswe enye indlela yeekhemikhali ezizezinye ngakumbi ukuze kufunyanwe iziphumo zohlalutyo eziqinisekisiweyo.Ichromatography yegesi/i-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) yeyona ndlela ithandwayo yokuqinisekisa.Uqwalaselo lwezonyango kunye nesigwebo sobuchule kufuneka sisetyenziswe kuso nasiphi na isiphumo sovavanyo lokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, ngakumbi xa kusetyenziswa iziphumo zokuqala eziqinisekisayo.

    Umgaqo

    I-AMP/BAR/BZO/COC/MOP/THC Iphaneli yoVavanyo yenzelwe ukubona i-Amphetamine, iBarbiturates, iBenzodiazepines, iCocaine, iMorphine kunye neMarijuana ngokutolika okubonakalayo kophuhliso lombala kumgca.I-membrane yayingashukumi kunye neDrug antigens conjugates kwingingqi yovavanyo, kwaye iphedi yesampulu yayifakwe ngaphambili ngemibala echasene neziyobisi ezilwa ne-colloidal conjugates zegolide.Emva kokuba imizekelo yongeziweyo, i-conjugates yegolide ihamba ecaleni kwe-membrane chromatographically ngesenzo se-capillary kunye nee-antibodies zifika kwindawo yovavanyo.Ukuba akukho molekyuli yechiza emchameni i-antibody conjugate yegolide inokuncamathela kwiconjugate yechiza ukwenza umgca obonakalayo.Ngoko ke, ukubunjwa kwe-precipitant ebonakalayo kummandla wokuvavanya kwenzeka xa umchamo ungalunganga kwiyeza.Ukuba i-Amphetamine, i-Barbiturates, i-Cocaine, i-Methamphetamine, i-Opiate kunye ne-Marijuana zikhona emchameni, i-antigen yechiza ikhuphisana ne-conjugate yechiza elingashukumiyo kummandla wovavanyo lweendawo ezilinganiselweyo ze-antibody.Kwimeko yoxinaniso olwaneleyo lwechiza, lizalisa iindawo ezibophelelayo ze-antibody.Oku kuya kuthintela uncamathiselo lwe-antibody-colloidal gold conjugate enemibala kwindawo yokudibanisa ichiza kwindawo yovavanyo.Ngoko ke, ukungabikho kwebhanti enemibala kwindawo yokuvavanya kubonisa umphumo omuhle.Ukubonakala kwebhanti enemibala kwindawo yokulawula isebenza njengolawulo lwenkqubo.Oku kubonisa ukuba umthamo ofanelekileyo we-specimen wongeziwe kwaye i-membrane wicking yenzeke.

    Amacandelo eKit

    Iiphaneli zovavanyo Iipayipi ezilahlayo Ukupakisha Faka

    Izinto Eziyimfuneko Kodwa Ezingabonelelwanga

    Isibali-xesha Isingxobo sokuqokelelwa kwesampuli

    Ukulumkela

    ★ Ukusetyenziswa koxilongo lwe-in vitro kuphela.
    ★ Ungasebenzisi emva komhla wokuphelelwa oboniswe kwiphakheji.Musa ukulusebenzisa uvavanyo ukuba isingxobo sefoyile saso sonakalisiwe.Musa ukuphinda usebenzise iimvavanyo.
    ★ Le khithi iqulethe iimveliso zemvelaphi yezilwanyana.Ulwazi oluqinisekisiweyo lwemvelaphi kunye / okanye ubume bococeko lwezilwanyana aluqinisekisi ngokupheleleyo ukungabikho kwee-agent ze-pathogenic ezihambisayo.Kuyacetyiswa ke ngoko ukuba ezi mveliso ziphathwe njengenokosulela, kwaye ziphathwe ngokuqwalasela imiqathango yokhuseleko yesiqhelo (ungagilisi okanye ukusezele umoya).
    • Kuphephe ukungcoliseka ngokunqamlezayo kwesampulu ngokusebenzisa isikhongozeli esitsha sokuqokelelwa kwesampulu kumzekelo ngamnye ofunyenweyo.
    ★ Funda inkqubo yonke ngononophelo phambi kokwenza naluphi na uvavanyo.
    ★ Sukutya, usele okanye utshaye kwindawo apho imizekelo neekiti ziphathwa khona.Phatha yonke imizekelo ngokungathi inee-arhente ezosulelayo.Qwalasela izilumkiso ezimiselweyo malunga nobungozi be-microbiological kuyo yonke inkqubo kwaye ulandele iinkqubo ezisemgangathweni zokulahla ngokufanelekileyo iisampulu.Nxiba iimpahla ezikhuselayo ezifana needyasi zaselabhoratri, iiglavu ezilahlwayo kunye nokhuseleko lwamehlo xa imizekelo ivavanywa.
    ★ Ukufuma kunye nobushushu bunokuchaphazela kakubi iziphumo.
    ★ Izinto zokuvavanya ezisetyenzisiweyo kufuneka zilahlwe ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yendawo, urhulumente kunye / okanye i-federal.

    Ukugcinwa kunye nokuzinza

    ✽ Ikhithi kufuneka igcinwe kwi-2-30°C de kube ngumhla wokuphelelwa kwexesha uprintwe kwisingxobo esivaliweyo.
    ✽ Uvavanyo maluhlale kwisingxobo esitywiniweyo de lusetyenziswe.
    ✽ Musa ukuba ngumkhenkce.
    ✽ Kufuneka kuthatyathwe inkathalo ukukhusela amalungu ale khithi ekosulelweni.Musa ukusebenzisa ukuba kukho ubungqina bokungcoliseka kwe-microbial okanye imvula.Ungcoliseko lwebhayoloji lwezixhobo zokukhupha, izikhongozeli okanye iirejenti kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingezizo.

    Ukuqokelelwa komfanekiso kunye noGcino

    ✔ Iphaneli yoVavanyo ye-AMP/BAR/BZO/COC/MOP/THC yenzelwe kuphela ukusetyenziswa nemizekelo yomchamo womntu.
    ✔ Umchamo oqokelelweyo kufuneka ufakwe kwizikhongozeli ezicacileyo nezomileyo.Qinisekisa ukuba umyinge owaneleyo womfanekiso uqokelelwe ukuvumela ukuntywiliselwa kwindawo yokudipha yomcu.
    ✔ Yenza uvavanyo ngoko nangoko emva kokuqokelelwa komfanekiso.Musa ukushiya imizekelo kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi ixesha elide.Imizekelo ingagcinwa kwi-2-8 ° C ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-48.Ukugcina ixesha elide, imizekelo kufuneka igcinwe ngaphantsi kwe-20°C.
    ✔ Zisa iisampulu kwiqondo lobushushu legumbi ngaphambi kovavanyo.Iisampulu ezikhenkcezisiweyo kufuneka zinyibilike ngokupheleleyo kwaye zixutywe kakuhle phambi kovavanyo.Kuphephe ukukhenkceza okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokunyibilika kwemizekelo.
    ✔ Pakisha imizekelo ngokuhambelana nemigaqo esebenzayo yokuthutha i-etiological agents, xa kufuneka zithunyelwe.

    Inkqubo

    Zisa iimvavanyo, imizekelo, kunye/okanye nolawulo kwiqondo lobushushu legumbi (15-30°C) phambi kokusetyenziswa.
    1.Susa indawo yolawulo kwisingxobo sayo esitywiniweyo kwaye uyisebenzise ngokukhawuleza.Ukufumana iziphumo ezingcono, uvavanyo kufuneka lwenziwe kwiyure enye.
    2. Qokelela umchamo kwikomityi yomchamo, faka ipaneli yokuvavanya kumchamo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba umchamo awudluli umgca omkhulu.
    3.Isiphumo kufuneka sifundwe ngemizuzu emi-5.Musa ukutolika umphumo emva kwemizuzu engama-20.

    Izilumkiso zokuSebenzisa

    IZIPHUMO EZINYO:

    table_img

    * Ibhendi enemibala ibonakala kwingingqi yebhanti yolawulo (C) kwaye enye ibhendi enemibala ibonakala kwindawo ye-T band.
    IZIPHUMO EZINGAMBI:

    table_img

    Ibhendi enye enemibala ibonakala kwingingqi yebhanti yolawulo (C).Akukho bhendi ivela kummandla webhendi yovavanyo (T).
    IZIPHUMO EZINGAVUMI:

    table_img

    Ibhendi yolawulo ayibonakali.Iziphumo zalo naluphi na uvavanyo olungakhange luvelise ibhendi yolawulo ngexesha lokufunda elichaziweyo mazichithwe.Nceda ujonge inkqubo kwaye uphinde ngovavanyo olutsha.Ukuba ingxaki iyaqhubeka, yeka ukusebenzisa ikhithi ngoko nangoko kwaye uqhagamshelane nomsasazi wakho wendawo.

    Phawula

    1. Ubunzulu bombala kwingingqi yovavanyo (T) bunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeka kugxininiso lwezinto ezijoliswe kuzo ezikhoyo kumzekelo.Ngoko ke, nawuphi na umthunzi wombala kummandla wovavanyo kufuneka uthathwe njengento embi.Ngaphandle koko, inqanaba logxininiso alinakumiselwa ngolu vavanyo lomgangatho.
    2.I-specimen enganelanga umthamo, inkqubo yokusebenza engachanekanga, okanye ukwenza iimvavanyo eziphelelwe lixesha zizona zizathu ezinokwenzeka zokungaphumeleli kwebhendi yolawulo.

    Ulawulo lwemeko

    ★ Ulawulo lwenkqubo lwangaphakathi lubandakanyiwe kuvavanyo.Ibhendi enemibala ebonakala kummandla wolawulo (C) ithathwa njengolawulo olulungileyo lwangaphakathi.Iqinisekisa umthamo owaneleyo wesampuli kunye nobuchule benkqubo obuchanekileyo.
    ★ Ulawulo lwangaphandle alubonelelwanga nale khithi.Kucetyiswa ukuba ulawulo oluqinisekileyo nolungalunganga luvavanywe njengenkqubo efanelekileyo yaselabhoratri ukuqinisekisa inkqubo yovavanyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kovavanyo.

    Imida yoVavanyo

    1.I-AMP/BAR/BZO/COC/MOP/THC Test Panel is for professional in vitro diagnostic use, kwaye kufuneka isetyenziselwe ukufunyaniswa komgangatho we-morphine kunye nezinye i-opiates kuphela.
    2.I-AMP/BAR/BZO/COC/MOP/THC Test Panel ibonelela kuphela ngobuninzi, isiphumo sokuqala sokuhlalutya.Indlela yesibini yohlalutyo kufuneka isetyenziswe ukufumana umphumo oqinisekisiweyo.Ichromatography yegesi/i-mass spectrophotometry (GC/MS) yeyona ndlela ithandwayo yokuqinisekisa.
    3.Nceda uthathe okucacileyo kunye ne-cross reactivity kwi-akhawunti yokuvavanya
    4.Isiphumo esihle kunye naluphi na uvavanyo lubonisa ubukho beziyobisi / i-metabolite kuphela, kwaye ayibonisi okanye ilinganise ukuxiliswa.
    5.Isiphumo esibi sinokungabonisi umchamo ongenaziyobisi.Iziphumo ezibi zinokufumaneka xa ichiza likhona kodwa lingaphantsi kwenqanaba lokunqunyulwa kovavanyo.
    6.Kunokwenzeka ukuba iimpazamo zobugcisa okanye zenkqubo kunye nezinye izinto kunye nezinto ezingadweliswanga zingaphazamisa uvavanyo kwaye zibangele iziphumo zobuxoki.
    7.Uvavanyo lwenzelwe ukusetyenziswa nomchamo womntu kuphela.Ngenxa yokungabikho kwee-ion kunye nezinye izinto kumanzi acocekileyo ukusetyenziswa okanye amanzi asulungekileyo kuvavanyo kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezibubuxoki okanye ezingasebenziyo.
    I-8.Ukutya kunye neti equkethe iimveliso zepoppy (imvelaphi ye-opiates) inokuvelisa isiphumo esihle.
    9.Uvavanyo alwehluli phakathi kweziyobisi zokuxhatshazwa kunye namayeza athile.

    Iimpawu zokuSebenza

    Uvakalelo lohlalutyo

    Ichibi lomchamo elingenazo iziyobisi lixutywe ngamachiza kwezi zigxininiso zilandelayo: +/- 25%, +/- 50% kunye nokunqunyulwa.Idatha ishwankathelwa ngezantsi:

    Ipesenti yokusikwa

    n

    I-AMP

    IBHA

    BZO

    -

    +

    -

    +

    -

    +

    0

    30

    30

    0

    30

    0

    30

    0

    -50%

    30

    30

    0

    30

    0

    30

    0

    -25%

    30

    23

    7

    28

    2

    30

    0

    Yisuse ecaleni

    30

    9

    21

    4

    26

    3

    27

    + 25%

    30

    1

    29

    0

    30

    0

    30

    +50%

    30

    0

    30

    0

    30

    0

    30

    Ipesenti yokusikwa

    n

    COC

    I-MOP

    I-THC

    -

    +

    -

    +

    -

    +

    0

    30

    30

    0

    30

    0

    30

    0

    -50%

    30

    30

    0

    30

    0

    30

    0

    -25%

    30

    30

    0

    27

    3

    30

    0

    Yisuse ecaleni

    30

    4

    26

    5

    25

    7

    23

    + 25%

    30

    0

    30

    0

    30

    0

    30

    +50%

    30

    0

    30

    0

    30

    0

    30

    UkuCacisa okuHlalutyayo

    Le theyibhile ilandelayo idwelisa iikhompawundi ezifunyaniswe ngokuqinisekileyo kumchamo yi-AMP One Step Amphetamine Test Strip (Urine) ngemizuzu emi-5.

    Compound eNxulumeneyo Ugxininiso (ng/mL)
    I-AMP
    D-Amphetamine 1,000
    D,L-Amphetamine sulfate 3,000
    L-Amphetamine 50,000
    (±) 3,4-MethylenedioxyAmphetamine 2,000
    Phentermine 3,000
    IBHA
    Secobarbital 300
    Amobarbital 300
    Alphenol 150
    Aprobarbital 200
    I-Butalbital 2,500
    I-Buthal I-100
    Cyclopentobarbital 600
    Ipentobarbital 300
    I-Butabarbital 75
    Phenobarbital I-100
    BZO
    Alprazolam 125
    Bromazepam 625
    I-Chlordiazepoxide 2,500
    Clobazam 63
    I-Clonazepam 2,500
    Clorazepate dipotassium 3,330
    Delorazepam 2,500
    Desalkylflurazepam 250
    Diazepam 250
    Estazolam 5,000
    I-Flunitrazepam 375
    (±) ILorazepam 1,250
    RS-Lorazepam glucuronide 1,250
    Midazolam 100,000
    Nitrazepam 25,000
    Norchlordiazepoxide 250
    Nordiazepam 500
    Oxazepam 300
    Sulindac 100,000
    Temazepam 63
    I-Triazolam 5,000
    COC
    Ibenzoylecgonine 300
    I-Cocaine HCl 780
    Cocaethylene 12,500
    I-MOP
    Codeine 300
    Ethylmorphine 6,250
    IHydrocodone 50,000
    I-Hydromorphone 3,125
    Levophanol 1,500
    6-Monoacethylmorphine 400
    Morphine 300
    I-Morphine 3-bD-glucuronide 1,000
    Norcodeine 6,250
    Normorphone 100,000
    I-Oxycodone 30,000
    I-oxymorphone 100,000
    Iprocaine 15,000
    Thebaine 6,250
    I-THC
    I-11-nor-Δ9-THC-9-COOH 50
    I-11-nor-Δ8-THC-9-COOH 50
    I-11-hydroxy-Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol 20000
    Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabinol 15000
    Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol 20000
    I-Cannabinol 20000
    I-Cannabidiol 100000

    Ezi khompawundi zilandelayo zivelise iziphumo ezingalunganga ukuya kuxinzelelo lwe-100 µg/mL:

    I-4-Acetamidophenol

    Estrone-3-sulfate

    Oxolinic acid

    Acetophenetidin

    Ethyl-p-aminobenzoate

    I-Oxycodone

    N-Acetylprocainamide

    I-Fenfluramine

    Oxymetazoline

    Acetylsalicylic acid

    I-Fenoprofen

    Papaverine

    Aminopyrine

    Furosemide

    I-Penicillin-G

    Amitryptyline

    Iasidi yeGentic

    I-Pentazocine

    Amobarbital

    IHemoglobin

    Ipentobarbital

    Amoxicillin

    Hydralazine

    Perphenazine

    Ampicillin

    IHydrochlorothiazide

    Phencyclidine

    L-Ascorbic acid

    IHydrocodone

    Phenelzine

    I-Apomorphine

    IHydrocortisone

    Phenobarbital

    Aspartame

    p-HydroxyAmphetamine

    L-Phenylephrine

    Atropine

    O-Hydroxyhippuric acid

    I-Brompheniramine

    Benzilic acid

    3-Acetate

    Phenylpropanolamine

    Benzoic acid

    I-acetaminophen

    I-Prednisolone

    Ibenzoylecgonine

    3-Hydroxytyramine

    I-Prednisone

    Ibenzphetamine

    Ibuprofen

    Iprocaine

    Bilirubin

    Imipramine

    Promazine

    (±) - iBrompheniramine

    (±) - Isoproterenol

    Promethazine

    Icaffeine

    Isoxsuprine

    D,L-Propanolol

    I-Cannabidiol

    Ketamine

    I-D-Propoxyphene

    I-Cannabinol

    Ketoprofen

    D-Pseudoephedrine

    I-Chloralhydrate

    Labetalol

    I-Quinidine

    Chloramphenicol

    Levorphanol

    I-quinine

    I-Chlordiazepoxide

    Loperamide

    I-Ranitidine

    I-Chlorothiazide

    Maprotiline

    Salicylic acid

    (±) I-Chlorpheniramine

    Meperidine

    Secobarbital

    I-Chlorpromazine

    Meprobamate

    Nalorphine

    I-Chlorquine

    IMethadone

    Iproniazid

    ICholesterol

    I-D-methAmphetamine

    Sulfamethazine

    I-Clomipramine

    (L)-methAmphetamine

    Sulindac

    I-Clonidine

    Methoxyphenamine

    Temazepam

    ICocaine hydrochloride

    iTetrahydrocortisone,

    Tetracycline

    Codeine

    Phentermine

    I-acetone

    Cortisone

    L-Epinephrine

    (-)-ψ-Ephedrine

    (-) I-Cotinine

    b-Phenylethylamine

    (-) Y Ephedrine

    I-Creatinine

    Methylphenidate

    I-Chlorpheniramin

    Deoxycorticosterone

    (1R,2S)-(-)-Ephedrine

    Tetrahydrozoline

    Dextromethorphan

    D,L-Amphetamine sulfate

    Thebaine

    Diazepam

    Nalidixic acid

    Thiamine

    I-Diclofenac

    Naloxone

    I-Thioridazine

    I-Diflunisal

    Naltrexone

    Tolbutamine

    Digoxin

    Naproxen

    I-Triamterene

    Idiphenhydramine

    Niacinamide

    I-Trifluoperazine

    Doxylamine

    Nifedipine

    I-Trimethoprim

    Ecgonine hydrochloride

    Norcodein

    D,L-Propranolol

    Ecgonine methylester

    Norethindrone

    D, L-Tryptophan

    (IR,2S)-(-)-Ephedrine

    D-Norpropoxyphene

    Tyramine

    L-Ephedrine

    Noscapine

    D, L-Tyrosine

    (-)-ψ- Ephedrine

    D, L-Octopamine

    Uric acid

    Erythromycin

    Oxalic acid

    Verapamil

    b-Estradiol

    Oxazepam

    Zomepirac

    Cocaethylene

    (±) - 3,4-Methylenedioxy-

    (±)-Brompheniramine

    (±) Isoproterenol

    iamphetamine

    3-Acetate

    I-Morphine Sulfate

    (±) - 3,4-Methylenedioxy

    D,L-Tyrosine

    Tolbutamide

    imethmphetamine

    3-(bD-glucuronide)

    (±) - I-Chlorpheniramine

    I-Quinacrine

    MDE

    (-) -ψ-Ephedrine

    Dicyclomine

    I-Tryptamine

    [1R,2S] (-) Ephedrine

    Mehentermine

    D,L-Tryptophan

    L - Epinephrine

    D/L-Propranolol

    L-Ψ-Ephedrine

    Quindine

    Buspirone

    I-Aspirin

    I-Chloroquine

    D-Amphetamine

    L-Amphetamine

    Phenolbarbital

    D,L-Amphetamine

    Pheniramine

    I-Nimesulide

    Creatin

    Phenothiazine

    b-Hydroxynorephedrtne

    Dexbrompheniramine

    Phenylethylamine

    D/L-Tryptophan

    D / L-Octopamine

    UQuinjdin

    Tetrahydrocortisone

    IDopamine

    I-Ranitidin

    propylamine

    I-Ethanol

    Riboflavine

    (±) -Brompheniramine

    3-(bD glucuronide)

    IGlucose

    I-Chloroquin

    (+/-)-Isoproterenol

    I-Sodium chloride

    L-Epinephrine

    Albumin

    Thioridazin

    Theophylline

    Lidocaine

    I-Trifluoperazin

    D/L-Chloropheniramine

    Amitriptylin

    I-Trimethobenzamid

    Imipramin

    I-3-acetate

    Ivithamin C

    (-)Isoproterenol

    D/L-Tyrosine

    Benzocaine

    (±) -Isoproterenol

    Trazodone

    ikofu

    Trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine

    p-Hydroxy-methAmphetamine

    IGuiacol Glyceryl Ether

    I-Tetrahydrocortisone 3 (bD glucuronide)

    I-4-Dimethylaminoantipyrine

    (+/-)-Chlorpheniramin

    (+)3,4-Methylenedioxy-amphetamine

    I-Morphine-3-bD glucuronide

    I-Morphine-3-bD-glucuronide

    Trans-2-phenylcyclo-propylamine hydrochloride

    3,4-Methylenedioxyethyl-Amphetamine

    (+) 3,4-Methylenedioxy-methAmphetamine

    I-Tetrahydrocortisone 3 (bD glucuronide)

    Pentazocine hydrochloride

    Tetrahydrocortisone, 3 Acetate

    ISerotonin (5-Hydroxytyramine)

    (+) 3,4-Methylenedioxy-amphetamine

    Iimbekiselo zoncwadi

    I-1.Baselt, i-RC Disposition ye-Toxic Drugs kunye neeKhemikhali kuMntu, i-Biomedical Publications, i-1982.
    2.UVavanyo loMchamo kwiZiyobisi zokuSebenzisa kakubi.Iziko leSizwe lokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi (NIDA), iMonograph yoPhando 73, 1986.
    3.Thomas L. eds., Labor and Diagnose, 6. ed., TH-Books Verlags gesellschaft, Frankfurt, 2005
    4.Fed.Bhalisa, iSebe lezeMpilo kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu, iziKhokelo eziMandatory for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs, 53, 69, 11970, 1988.
    5.McBay, AJ Clin.Ikhem.33, 33B-40B, 1987.


  • Ngaphambili:
  • Okulandelayo:

  • Bhala umyalezo wakho apha kwaye uwuthumele kuthi